OK, great. I’m glad that you didn’t mention learning software because software applications are just tools graphic designers use. I’m also glad that you mentioned the elements of design (line, shape, rhythm, etc.) because they’re extremely important to the aesthetics of design.
However, you failed to mention what I suspected that you wouldn’t mention, which is the reason I asked the questions.
There’s a maxim in graphic design, industrial design, architecture, engineering, urban planning, and other fields that involve design. That maxim is “Form Follows Function.” Form roughly corresponds to how something looks, while Function relates to the object’s purpose.
In other words, before attempting to make something look appealing, it’s crucial to examine, research, and understand the purpose behind the design problem. Designing a soĺution that addresses the function should come before considering aesthetics. In reality, both are usually addressed simultaneously to some degree, but aesthetics are always secondary to and support the function.
In graphic design, the function almost involves communicating a message. Stated differently, good graphic design is almost always about effective visual communication.
Let’s take a typical example of a common problem. Suppose a company hires me to design packaging for a new brand of cooking oil. Before I begin, I need to gather many details. For instance, should the bottle be glass or plastic? Which option is more cost-effective? Can the company afford a custom-designed bottle, or should they opt for a standard one? What are the government regulations regarding cooking oil packaging? Will there be multiple sizes or just one? Should it be seen as a premium product or an affordable choice? Will the cooking oil be sold in supermarkets or specialty stores? There are dozens of these kinds of questions I would need to consider.
Once I had those basic prerequisites nailed down, I would move on to other problems. For example, how to best communicate a visual message that resonates with the target audience in ways that entice them to buy this cooking oil instead of another brand sitting on the shelf next to it. I would probably visit a local supermarket’s cooking section to see for myself which bottles and labels stand out from the others, both at a distance and up close. Why do some attract me, and why do I ignore others? If I were a shopper, which would I buy, and why would I choose one over the other? Is it the colors, the typography, the label’s imagery, simplicity, or its basic gut emotional appeal?
It would only be after I had satisfied myself that I fully understood the problem that I would begin designing a functional solution to the design problem. And that solution would almost certainly involve aesthetic decisions, but all those aesthetic decisions would be in service of the function.
This general approach is how we always tried to develop design solutions at the agencies and studios I’ve worked at. In your case, where you would work remotely and probably wouldn’t have the luxury of long conversations with clients with big budgets, you would need to find ways to work within the limitations that were imposed upon you while still considering that graphic design is about visual communication and that form follows function.